Морин хуурын гарал үүсэл

Морин хуурын гарал үүсэл

Морин хуурын гарлын талаарх Монголчуудын ойлголтыг үндсэнд нь хоёр ангилж болох юм. Нэгд, олон жилийн туршид Монголын ард түмэн морин хуурын үүслийн талаар домог үлгэр хэлэлцсээр ирсэн. Жишээлбэл: “Хөхөө Намжилын домог”, “Аргасун хуурчийн домог”, “Жонон харын домог” гэх мэт. Эдгээр домгийн гол санаа нь хүн, морь хоёрын харилцаа, үгээр хэлшгүй тэр сэтгэлгээнээс морин хуур үүссэн хэмээнэ. Харин хөгжим судлаачдын үзэж байгаагаар Морин хуур нь “их хэл” гэсэн утгатай “икэл” хөгжмөөс гаралтай бөгөөд сүүлд морин толгой дүрслэн урлаж морин хуур хөгжим үүссэн ба шанаган хэлбэртэй болон дөрвөлжин модон дээр ямааны буюу ботгоны арьс сайтар татан ширлэж, адууны сүүлээр хялгас буюу чавхдас татан нумаар хөрөөдөн тоглодог байж. Энэхүү хөгжим нь анх хэлгүй буюу нутгүй товшуур хөгжмөөс сүүлд нумаар хөрөөдөн хэлтэй болсон байна. Морин хуурын үүсэл болсон ийм шанаган хэлбэртэй хуур одоо ч Баруун Монголд байсаар буй. Морин хуурыг анхлан нутаг нутгийн онцлогоос хамаарч ширэн цартай, морин, хүн, арслан, матар толгойт хуур зэргээр урлаж байсан байна.

Францын эрдэмтэн М. Санторо морин хуурын гарлыг бүр урагшлуулж, яст мэлхий үүссэн үетэй холбон тайлбарласан буй. Гэвч үүнийг батлах боломжгүй, хэт уран сайхны гэмээр санал болсон байна. Энэ хэсгийн дүгнэлт болгож хэлэхэд, Монголд угаас хуур, икэл хэмээх хөгжим байжээ. Тэр хөгжим дээрээ янз бүрийн хүн, амьтны толгой урладаг байсан байна. Гэвч Монголчууд морийг зөвхөн унаа болгон хэрэглэх бус, “Молор эрдэнэ” хэмээн дээдэлдэг байсан тул мөнөөх хуур хөгжим дээрээ ихэвчлэн “Молор эрдэнэ” – морио байрлуулах болсноор Морин хуур хөгжим
үүсчээ.

ХӨГЖИЛ ХУВЬСАЛ: Монголын эзэнт гүрнийг байгуулсан эзэн Чингис хааны үед төрийн ёслол, хүндэтгэл найр цэнгээнийг Морин хуур хөгжмөөр нээн эхлүүлдэг байсан нь энэхүү хөгжим ямар өндөр зэрэгт тавигддаг байсан нь харагдаж байна.Тодруулбал төрийн хүндэтгэл, ёслолыг нээж төрийн дуу гэгдэх Монгол Ардын Айзам Уртын Дуу болох “Эртний сайхан” – г дагаж хуурддаг байж.

XVI зуунаас морин хуур нь Луу толгойт болон хувирсан байна. Энэ нь Манж Чин улсын дарангуйллаас үүдсэн бөгөөд Манж хүн нь шар өнгийг нарны өнгө, луу гэх үлгэрийн амьтныг агуу хүчтэй тэнгэрийн амьтан гэх мэтээр бэлэгшээн Манж ард эзэн хааныгаа наран адил гэгээтэй, луу адил хүчтэй хэмээн үздэг байснаас улбаалж морин хуур маань луу толгойт болсон байна. Үүнээс үзэхэд морин хуур нь зөвхөн ард түмний хүрээнд бус ордны хөгжим байсан байж болох талтай.

Морин хуур нь үүссэн цагаасаа эхлэн Монголчуудын дуу, хуур, бүжиг наадамд голлох хөгжмийн зэмсэг байсаар өнөөг хүрчээ. Ганцхан жишээ толилуулахад, Баруун Монгол ардын биелгээ л гэхэд морин хуургүйгээр биелэх ямар ч боломж байхгүй.

Ийнхүү Монголын ард түмний дунд хөгжиж ирсэн морин хуур хөгжим орчин үеийн тайзны урлаг болон дэвшихэд 20-р зууны үеийн хоёр хүний хөдөлмөр чухал нөлөөтэй.

Юуны өмнө Монголын нэрт хөгжимчин Г.Жамъян нь морин хуурын сургалтыг өнөөгийн мэргэжлийн түвшинд хүргэхэд онцлох үүрэг гүйцэтгэсэн юм. Тэрбээр анх удаа морин хуурыг өрнийн тонн ноотонд шилжүүлснээс
гадна анх удаа Монголд морин хуурын мэргэжлийн сургалтыг эхлүүлжээ.

Манай хуурчид XX зууны 30 аад оноос хойш дэлхийн олон газар орноор аялан цаг агаарын янз бүрийн бүс нутагт тоглох болсон юм. Гэтэл ширэн цар нь хэт халуунд их агшиж дуу нь шингэрэх, чийгтэй газар шир нь сунаж дуу гаргах боломжгүй болдог байжээ. Үүнээс улбаалж морин хуурыг шинэчлэх арга зам хайж эхэлсэн байна. Ингээд 1962 онд монголын соёлын яамны урилгаар Оросын хийлийн төрлийн хөгжим урлаач Денис Яравойг урьж уламжлалт хөгжмийн зэмсэг болох морин хуурыг ширэн царнаас модон цартай болгож өнөөгийн бидний хэрэглэж буй мэргэжлийн морин хуурыг бүтээлгэсэн байна.

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